After Ezzitouna institution in Tunisia, comes  Al-Qarawiyyin university as the second oldest one in the world, but according to Guinnes World Records, it's the oldest one. It was founded in 859 in Fes. In it, had studied Ibn Khaldoun(1332-1406), a muslim historian and the founder of Sociology. Because Al-Qarawiyyin was a space of intellectual, cultural and religious activities, it was not the preserve of muslims, but many christian scholars had been there  as well, such as Sylvester II who was the Pope between 999 and 1003.